Kidney disease in Byzantine medical texts

The most significant contribution of the great Byzantine physicians to the evolution of medicine is their effort to summarize all the medical knowledg e of the Greco-Roman world, which included earlier sources in antiquity, lo st forever in our days. The transition from ancient to medieval medicine in cluded the adoption of Christian spiritual values, which took place in the early Byzantine period (4th to 7th century). In the field of nephrology, un der the influence of Hippocratic and Galenic doctrines, the most prominent medical personalities, Oribasius of Pergamum, Aetius of Amida, Alexander of Tralles and Paul of Aegina, performed the role of the researcher and heale r, as well as that of the encyclopedist. Their works on kidney disease are presented in this paper.