N. Korneev et al., Influence of shallow traps on holographic recording in Bi12SiO20 in the temperature range 200-350 K, APP PHYS B, 68(5), 1999, pp. 859-862
The photoconductivity response time in Bi12SiO20 grows 3 orders of magnitud
e when the temperature changes from 350 to 200 K. We attribute this to the
influence of shallow traps with activation energy 0.4 eV. For low temperatu
res, the time of holographic grating formation is determined by the time of
shallow-level filling.