Dramatic changes in hospitals' operating environments are leading to major
restructuring of hospital organizations. Hospital mergers and acquisitions
are increasing each year, and conversions by hospitals to different forms o
f ownership also are continuing apace. Such changes require policymakers an
d regulators to develop and implement policies to ensure that consumers' in
terests are protected. An important consideration in this process is the im
pact on the price of hospital care following such transactions. This paper
reviews empirical evidence that mergers that reduce competition will lead t
o price increases at both merging hospitals and their competitors, regardle
ss of ownership status. We show that nonprofit and government hospitals hav
e steadily become more willing to raise prices to exploit market power and
discuss the implications for antitrust regulators and agencies that must ap
prove nonprofit conversions.