Treatment of vocally disruptive behaviour of multifactorial aetiology

Objective. To describe the treatment of vocally disruptive behaviour (VDB) of multifactorial aetiology. Method. Three case reports were used to illustrate the treatment of multifa ctorial VDB. Results. A biopsychosocial assessment is required to identify the different aetiologies involved and the way they interact. Acute medical and psychiat ric factors may demand that interventions are introduced simultaneously rat her than in succession. Conclusion. Successful interventions require the combination of biopsychoso cial strategies tailored to the individual case with realistic goals that i nclude the acceptance of a residual level of VDB as a reasonable outcome. C opyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.