Pi. Clark et al., Anti-tobacco socialization in homes of African-American and white parents,and smoking and nonsmoking parents, J ADOLES H, 24(5), 1999, pp. 329-339
Purpose: To examine parental perceptions and behaviors with regard to teen
smoking, comparing African-American and white parents, and those who did an
d did not smoke.
Methods: Focus groups consisting of African-American and white parents who
smoked provided initial in-depth information. A computer-assisted telephone
survey of a biracial sample of 311 parents of children ages 8 to 17 years
provided more generalizable information regarding parental beliefs and beha
viors.
Results: Nearly 50% of households either allowed teen smoking, had no groun
d rules, or had set restrictive rules but never communicated them to the ch
ildren. Compared to white parents, African-American parents felt more empow
ered to affect their children's behaviors and were more likely to actively
participate in anti-tobacco socialization within the home (all p values < 0
.01). Among the African-American parents, 98% reported 18 years or older to
be an appropriate age for teens to make up their own minds about using tob
acco, whereas 26% of white parents thought 16 years to be an appropriate ag
e (p < 0.001). Parents who smoked reported more frequent rule-making than t
hose who did not smoke (p = 0.02), but were more likely to believe that chi
ldhood tobacco use is inevitable (p = 0.01).
Conclusions: Many parents are not engaged in anti-tobacco socialization in
the home. Differences in the degree of parental participation may contribut
e to the variance in smoking prevalence between African-American and white
children. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1999.