A single amino acid in the hypervariable stem domain of vertebrate alpha 1,3/1,4-fucosyltransferases determines the type 1 type 2 transfer - Characterization of acceptor substrate specificity of the Lewis enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis
F. Dupuy et al., A single amino acid in the hypervariable stem domain of vertebrate alpha 1,3/1,4-fucosyltransferases determines the type 1 type 2 transfer - Characterization of acceptor substrate specificity of the Lewis enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis, J BIOL CHEM, 274(18), 1999, pp. 12257-12262
Alignment of 15 vertebrate alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferases revealed one argin
ine conserved in all the enzymes employing exclusively type 2 acceptor subs
trates. At the equivalent position, a tryptophan was found in FUT3-encoded
Lewis alpha 1,3/1,4-fucosyltransferase (Fuc-TIII) and FUT5-encoded alpha 1,
3/1,4-fucosyltransferase, the only fucosyltransferases that can also transf
er fucose in alpha 1,4-linkage, The single amino acid substitution Trp(111)
--> Arg in Fuc-TIII was sufficient to change the specificity of fucose tra
nsfer from H-type 1 to H-type 2 accepters. The additional mutation of Asp(1
12) --> Glu increased the type 2 activity of the double mutant Fuc-TIII enz
yme, but the single substitution of the acidic residue Asp(112) in Fuc-TIII
by Glu decreased the activity of the enzyme and did not interfere with H-t
ype 1/H-type 2 specificity. In contrast, substitution of Arg(115) in bovine
futb-encoded alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferase (Fuc-Tb) by Trp generated a prot
ein unable to transfer fucose either on H-type 1 or H-type 2 accepters. How
ever, the double mutation Arg(115) --> TrP/Glu(116) --> Asp of Fuc-Tb sligh
tly increased H-type 1 activity. The acidic residue adjacent to the candida
te amino acid Trp/Arg seems to modulate the relative type 1/type 2 acceptor
specificity, and its presence is necessary for enzyme activity since its s
ubstitution by the corresponding amide inactivated both Fuc-TIII and Fuc-Tb
enzymes.