Direct comparison of the effects of CSF-1 (M-CSF) and GM-CSF on human monocyte DNA synthesis and CSF receptor expression

There is evidence that a proportion of human monocytes can proliferate in v itro in response to colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1, also known as M-CSF ) and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF). To determine whether there are d ifferences in DNA synthesis responses to these CSF, a large study using pur ified human peripheral blood monocytes from 45 donors was performed under o ptimized culture conditions. In contrast to the consistent response to CSF- 1, approximately 20% of donors have monocytes that do not respond or have a minimal DNA synthesis response to GM-CSF stimulation. However, analysis de monstrated that no statistically significant differences exist in the level s of CSF-1 and GM-CSF-stimulated proliferation in monocytes, In addition, C SF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) blocking experiments indicated that a proportion of the GMCSF-induced DNA synthesis is due to endogenous levels of CSF-1. As a further comparison of the actions of the two CSFs, CSF-1R and GM-CSFR level s were measured by flow cytometry, and it was shown that GM-CSFR levels dec reased within 5 days of culture, independent of the conditions examined, In contrast, CSF-1R levels at day 5 approximated those measured in uncultured monocytes, Whether the proliferating subpopulation(s) express one or both CSF receptors at the beginning or at the end of culture is as yet unknown. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the design of str ategies to enrich for the subpopulation in question based on CSF receptor e xpression.