Polymer-supported phosphorus-containing ligands for selective metal ion complexation

Groundwater contamination in the United States is a serious problem with an estimated three million sites requiring remediation [1]. Heightened enviro nmental awareness, depletion of high grade ore reserves, and stricter legis lation has generated a strong interest in efficient hydrometallurgical proc esses [2]. Two methods for the separation and recovery of metal ions from a queous solutions are solvent extraction with soluble complexants and ion ex change with crosslinked polymer beads. While a wide variety of ligands has been developed for both techniques, this review will focus on phosphorus-ba sed ion exchange resins due to their versatility, wide range of applicabili ty, and environmental compatibility.