Design and analysis of a diffractive optical filter for use in an optoelectronic error-diffusion neural network

The design, fabrication, experimental characterization, and system-performa nce analysis of a diffractive optical implementation of an error-diffusion filter for use in digital image halftoning is reported. A diffractive optic al filter was fabricated as an eight-level phase element that diffuses the quantization error nonuniformly in both the weighting and the spatial dimen sions, according to a prescribed algorithm. Ten identical diffractive eleme nts were fabricated on ten different wafers and subsequently characterized experimentally. A detailed error analysis including both fabrication and in strumentation errors was carried out to quantify the performance of the fab rication process as well as the expected system performance of the filters. Halftone system performance was evaluated by use of the experimental filte r's performance and both quantitative and qualitative performance metrics. The results of this analysis demonstrate that multiple identical copies of a diffractive optical filter can be produced with sufficient accuracy that no loss in the halftoning system performance results. (C) 1999 Optical Soci ety of America.