To account for the beading of myelinated fibers, and axons of unmyelinated
nerve fibers as well of neurites of cultured dorsal root ganglia caused by
mild stretching, a model is presented. In this model, membrane tension and
hydrostatic pressure are the basic factors responsible for axonal constrict
ion, which causes the movement of axonal fluid from the constricted regions
into the adjoining axon, there giving rise to the beading expansions. Bead
ing ranges from a mild undulation, with the smallest degree of stretch, to
more globular expansions and narrow intervening constrictions as stretch is
increased: the degree of constriction is physically limited by the compact
ion of the cytoskeleton within the axons. The model is a general one, encom
passing the possibility that the membrane skeleton, composed mainly of spec
trin and actin associated with the inner face of the axolemma, could be inv
olved in bringing about the constrictions and beading.