THE HUMAN HEALTH-EFFECTS OF DDT (DICHLORODIPHENYL-TRICHLOROETHANE) AND PCBS (POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS) AND AN OVERVIEW OF ORGANOCHLORINES IN PUBLIC-HEALTH

Organochlorines are a diverse group of persistent synthetic compounds, some of which are detectable in nearly everyone. Many organochlorines are endocrine disrupters or carcinogens in experimental assays. p,p'- DDE (dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethene) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphen yls) comprise the bulk of organochlorine residues in human tissues. We reviewed relevant human data cited in the 1991-1995 Medline database and elsewhere. High-level exposure to selected organochlorines appears to cause abnormalities of liver function, skin (chloracne), and the n ervous system. Of more general interest, however, is evidence suggesti ng insidious effects of background exposure. Of particular concern is the finding of neonatal hypotonia or hyporeflexia in relation to PCB e xposure. The epidemiologic data reviewed, considered in isolation, pro vide no convincing evidence that organochlorines cause a large excess number of cancers. A recent risk assessment that considered animal dat a, however, gives a cancer risk estimate for background exposure to di oxin and dioxin-like compounds (e.g. some PCBs) with an upper bound in the range of 10(-4) per year.