A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element formulation for calculating Meissn
er currents in superconductors is presented. The authors have chosen a magn
etic vector potential formulation, which also enables them to simulate ferr
omagnetic shielding. The equations are written so that the problem can be s
olved by the use of a conjugate gradient algorithm without preconditioning,
Numerical results on normal-superconductor junctions and on superconductin
g lines are compared with analytical solutions.