ARE GRAINS OF SAND IN THE WHEELS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SUFFICIENT TO DO THE JOB WHEN BOULDERS ARE OFTEN REQUIRED

This paper criticises the effectiveness of a Tobin tax in acting as a deterrent to short-run round trip speculation on exchange rate movemen ts. It is demonstrated that given the usual magnitude of a proposed To bin tax, the deterrent to short-term speculation will be negligible an d in all likelihood smaller than the deterrent to real trade flows and arbitrage activities. Finally, an alternative proposal for preventing currency speculations while creating incentives for global full emplo yment, based on Keynes's 1940s writings, is proposed.