Theophylline, a methylxanthine commonly used as a treatment for asthma, has
been shown to induce apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells
both in vitro and in vivo. We have treated three advanced CLL patients wit
h theophylline, and seen responses in two. The clinical courses of the resp
onders are presented, and the literature concerning theophylline as therapy
for CLL is reviewed.