Projections of single retinal ganglion cells to the visual centers: An intracellular staining study in a plethodontid salamander

The projection specificity of retinal ganglion cells and the morphology of their terminals were studied in the plethodontid salamander Plethodon jorda ni. In an in vitro approach, ganglion cells were stained with biocytin and reconstructed by means of light microscopy. Single retinal ganglion cells o ften have multiple terminal structures in the thalamus, pretectum, and tect um. The projection pattern in the diencephalic neuropils is related to the depth of the terminal arbor within the rectal fiber layer. Terminal arbors in the tectum differ in location, size, and branching pattern. The followin g types could be distinguished: The most superficial of the optic terminals in layer 1 are relatively small with a diameter of about 100 mu m. With th e exception of a few varicosities (beads) in the pretectal neuropils, their stem axons have no further collaterals or terminal arbors in the diencepha lic neuropils. Intermediate terminals in layer 2 fan out to form a dense pl exus with a medio-lateral extent of 180 mu m on average. Some terminals in this layer show obvious antenna-like fibers reaching toward the surface of the tectum. The axons of layer 2 projecting neurons have additional collate rals and terminal arbors in the thalamus and pretectum. The deep layer 3 te rminals spread out over a diameter of 400 mu m on average and their degree of branching is moderate. The axone of layer 3 projecting ganglion cells ha ve dense additional terminal arbors in the thalamus and pretectum. The deep est retinal terminals in the tectum are found within the: predominantly eff erent fiber layers. This type consists of an unbranched, but beaded axon wh ich runs rostro-caudally with several bends and loops. The stem axon has an additional very dense terminal arborization in the neuropil of the nucleus Bellonci pars medialis and additional sparse collaterals in the prerectal area.