Cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome - Case reports

The authors describe two cases of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in patie nts with nephrotic syndrome. The main clinical features of CVT were persist ent headache, hemiparesis, and seizure, and the diagnosis was based on magn etic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Both showed acqu ired deficiency of free protein S. The neurologic symptoms remained station ary in the first patient, who received no anticoagulation therapy, but reso lved rapidly in the second, treated with intravenous heparin and supplement ed with fresh frozen plasma. CVT should be suspected in patients with nephr otic syndrome who present with symptoms of intracranial hypertension or any focal neurologic deficit.