THE DECAY OF OPTICAL-EMISSION FROM THE GAMMA-RAY BURST GRB970228

The origin of gamma-ray bursts has been one of the great unsolved myst eries in high-energy astrophysics for almost 30 years. The recent disc overy of fading sources at X-ray(1) and optical(2,3) wavelengths coinc ident with the location of the gamma-ray burst GRB970228 therefore pro vides an unprecedented opportunity to probe the nature of these high-e nergy events. The optical counterpart appears to be a transient point source embedded in a region of extended nebulosity(3-6), the latter ha ving been tentatively identified as a high-redshift galaxy(3). This wo uld seem to favour models that place gamma-ray bursts at cosmological distances, although a range of mechanisms for producing the bursts is still allowed. A crucial piece of information for distinguishing betwe en such models is how the brightness of the optical counterpart evolve s with time. Here we re-evaluate the existing photometry of the optica l counterpart of GRB970228 to construct an optical light curve for the transient event. We find that between 21 hours and six days after the burst, the R-band brightness decreased by a factor of similar to 40, with any subsequent decrease in brightness occurring at a much slower rate. As the point source faded, it also became redder. The initial be haviour of the source appears to be consistent with the 'fireball' mod el(7), but the subsequent decrease in the rate of fading may prove har der to explain.