Previous work has demonstrated that fish prefer to school with familia
r individuals. In this study schooling preferences for familiar female
guppies, Poecilia reticulata, developed gradually over 12 days, but o
nce established were maintained. This contrasts with condition-depende
nt recognition in which fish rapidly learn to discriminate between con
specifics on the basis of obvious morphological differences such as bo
dy size. (C) 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.