Biomass gasification with air in a fluidized bed: Exhaustive tar elimination with commercial steam reforming catalysts

Seven different commercial nickel-based catalysts for steam reforming of li ght hydrocarbons and of heavier hydrocarbons were tested for tar removal in a flue gas from an atmospheric fluidized bed biomass gasifier, using air a s the gasifying agent. The catalysts were provided by BASF AG, ICI-Katalco, Haldor Topsoe a/s, and United Catalyst Inc. The facility used is a small p ilot plant, and the catalytic reactor operates in full flow with a real gas ification gas. A guard bed with a calcined dolomite is used to decrease the tar content at the inlet of the catalytic bed to a level below 2 g/m(n)(3) . The variables studied include the temperature (730-850 degrees C) of the catalytic bed, gas residence time, steam content in the flue gas, and compo sition of the reacting atmosphere. All catalysts for steam reforming of nap hthas provide a similar and very high activity. Values of the apparent acti vation energy and preexponential factor are given and analyzed for the most active catalysts. The catalyst life is also studied. No deactivation is ob served with times-on-stream of up to 65 h.