Long-term effects of balloon angioplasty on systemic hypertension in adolescent and adult patients with coarctation of the aorta

Aims To define the long-term effect of balloon angioplasty of aortic coarct ation on hypertension, in adolescent and adult patients. Methods Balloon angioplasty of discrete, native aortic coarctation was perf ormed on 50 patients (34 male) aged 23 +/- 8 (mean +/- standard deviation) years. In 42 of these patients cardiac catheterization and angiography were repeated 1 year later, and on the basis of sphygmomanometric blood pressur e determination at that time, they were divided into 31 patients (group A) with normalized blood pressure and 11 patients (group B) who still needed a ntihypertensive medication. Both groups were followed annually thereafter f or 12-123 (66 +/- 37) months. Results Coarctation gradient values before, immediately after and 1 year af ter angioplasty were 69 +/- 24 mmHg, 12 +/- 8 mmHg (P<0.001) and 7 +/- 6 mm Hg. The corresponding systolic blood pressure values were 165 +/- 17 mmHg, 128 +/- 12 mmHg (P<0.001) were and 115 +/- 10 mmHg (P<0.001) in group A; 18 2 +/- 21 mmHg, 141 +/- 24 mmHg (P<0.001) and 134 +/- 18 mmHg (P<0.001) in g roup B. Echocardiographic left ventricular mass index before angioplasty an d at follow-up was 130 +/- 31 g.m(-2) and 105 +/- 23 g . m(-2) in group A; 157 +/- 38 g . m(-2) and 132 +/- 35 g . m(-2) in group B (P<0.001 for both compapisons). Conclusion Normalization of blood pressure without medication occurred in 7 4% of patients after angioplasty for aortic coarctation, with subsequent lo ng-term regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. In comparison to report ed surgical results, balloon angioplasty should be considered as first line treatment for native, discrete aortic coarctation in adolescent and adult patients.