Height, weight and gastrointestinal cancer: a follow-up study in Norway

It has been suggested that components of our diet play an essential role in carcinogenesis. Anthropometric indices, such as body weight and height, ha ve often been considered as measurements of prevailing diet and nutrition i n childhood respectively. To investigate to what extent height and body wei ght are associated with the risk of gastrointestinal cancer, data from a No rwegian screening programme for tuberculosis were analysed. More than 1,100 ,000 individuals, aged 30-69 years at the time of examination, were include d in the study. Body weight, expressed as Quetelet's index (QI), and height records were linked with vital status data from Statistics Norway and the Cancer Registry of Norway. The analysis shows that individuals in the first quintile of height had a lower relative risk than later quintiles for colo n cancer, independent of sex and stage of disease at completion of follow-u p. The association between height and rectal cancer is similar, but weaker. Men in the fifth quintile of QI have a relative risk of 1.39 for colon can cer, compared with the first quintile, and they also have a slightly elevat ed risk for rectal cancer. Among women, the pattern is unclear, but we obse rved a significant relationship between high QI and cancer of the gallbladd er. Our results indicate that prevailing diet and living conditions in earl y life do play a role, and seem to support the hypothesis that anthropometr ic indices could be of importance as indirect markers for the risk of colon cancer and, to some extent, for cancer of the rectum and gallbladder. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.