Compton scattering at finite temperature is studied with the real-time
formalism of finite-temperature quantum held theory based on the clos
ed-time path approach. It is found that, in the Born approximation con
vention in zero-temperature quantum field theory, the thermal differen
tial cross section differs from the zero-temperature one by a temperat
ure-dependent factor. This factor, coming from the temperature-depende
nt external propagators and having a great influence on the magnitude
of the total cross section, is absent in previous works. As a result,
the corrections can be surprisingly large for high temperatures realis
tic in astrophysics.