A practical aspect of over-rooftop multiple-building forward diffraction from a low source

A practical aspect of over-rooftop multiple-building forward diffraction fr om a low source is presented, including two formulations and an introductio n of their application. In particular, the low-loss formulation for multipl e diffraction exposes a factor that can account for strong over-rooftop rad io propagation. Both low- and high-loss formulations take the advantages of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction and physical optics (PO) and have the major advantage of significantly shortening the computing time ov er existing formulations. They behave well, particularly in and near the tr ansition zone, and are written in explicit forms additionally for soft boun dary that corresponds to vertical polarization transmission and reception i n the horizontal plane. The application in the vertical plane for the total received signal strength prediction is introduced using the formulations f or hard boundary corresponding to vertical polarization transmission and re ception.