To understand how the dramatic cell biological changes of oocyte maturation
are brought about, we have begun to identify proteins whose phosphorylatio
n state changes during Xenopus oocyte maturation. Here we have focused on o
ne such protein, p83. We partially purified p83, obtained peptide sequence,
and identified it as the intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein. During
oocyte maturation, dynein intermediate chain became hyperphosphorylated at
the time of germinal vesicle breakdown and remained hyperphosphorylated thr
oughout the rest of meiosis and early embryogenesis. p150(Glued), a subunit
of dynactin that has been shown to bind to dynein intermediate chain, unde
rwent similar changes in its phosphorylation, Both dynein intermediate chai
n and p150(Glued) also became hyperphosphorylated during M phase in XTC-2 c
ells and HeLa cells. Thus, two components of the dynein-dynactin complex un
dergo coordinated phosphorylation changes at two G(2)/M transitions (matura
tion in oocytes and mitosis in cells in culture) but remain constitutively
in their M phase forms during early embryogenesis. Dynein intermediate chai
n and p150(Glued) phosphorylation may positively regulate mitotic processes
, such as spindle assembly or orientation, or negatively regulate interphas
e processes such as minus-end-directed organelle trafficking.