The use of bioindicators for monitoring the heavy-metal status of the environment

Biomonitoring is a method of observing the impact of external factors on ec osystems and their development over a long period, or of ascertaining diffe rences between one location and another. A monitor suitable for the subject of the investigation must be chosen, and the comparability of the element concentrations thus determined (both within the investigation and with othe r studies) must be ensured by adhering to precise sampling guidelines. In a ddition to the small amount of equipment required, the advantages of biomon itoring lie in the ecosystem approach that permits conclusions going beyond the biomonitor itself. Attention has to be given to the factors that may a ffect element concentrations and which can lead to incorrect statements if ignored.