The gut cytokine balance as a target of lead toxicity

The impact of exposure to lead on gut cytokine gene expression and oral tol erance was analyzed. Oral tolerization with ovalbumin (OVA) increased level s of IL-IO and TGF-beta in gut tissue while IFN-gamma mRNA levels remained unchanged in both autoimmune diabetes prone NOD and normal C57BL/6 mice. Th is shift towards Th2/Th3 type cytokine gene expression was completely aboli shed by concomitant treatment with PbCl2 (6 x 0.5 mg/kg) in NOD mice while the cytokine balance in C57BL/6 mice was unaffected. Suppression of Th2/Th3 type cytokine expression was associated with a dampened oral tolerance res ponse to OVA as determined by T cell proliferation assays. We conclude that in autoimmunity prone NOD mice environmental toxicants may disturb immune homeostasis by targeting the gut immune system.