The sensitivity of extended x-ray-absorption tine structure (EXAFS) to ther
mal expansion has been studied by temperature-dependent measurements on ger
manium. The first cumulant does not reproduce the thermal expansion owing t
o vibrations normal to the bond. The perpendicular relative displacement [D
elta u(perpendicular to)(2)] has been for the first time experimentally obt
ained; the ratio [Delta u(perpendicular to)(2)]/[Delta u(parallel to)(2)] i
s in agreement with vibrational model calculations. Low-temperature quantum
effects on the 3rd cumulant have been for the first time observed. The pos
sibility of measuring thermal expansion from the 3rd cumulant is demonstrat
ed, provided that quantum effects are taken into account. [S0031-9007(99)09
215-7].