Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy has been used to probe the chain ori
entation of polyvinyl alcohol at the surface after rubbing. The distributio
n function of the chain orientation is determined quantitatively. The orien
tational order parameter of the chains deduced from the distribution matche
s well with that of a liquid crystal monolayer deposited on the polymer, pr
oving that the polymer surface can align a liquid crystal film through orie
ntational epitaxy. [S0031-9007(99)09202-9].