In vivo gene therapy is a direct and effective way to express genes in the
epidermis. Plasmid DNA that contains the desired gene can be injected intra
dermally, and it is rapidly absorbed and expressed by the epidermis. Becaus
e gene expression following plasmid injection is transient, the two princip
al therapeutic uses of this approach are genetic immunization and the expre
ssion of biological response modifiers to treat skin disease.