The Norwegian spring flood disaster 1995: experiences and consequences

A very large and destructive flood hit southern Norway in the spring of 199 5. The extensive flooding was caused by a rapid snow melt in the mountains and in the low-lying areas, combined with heavy rainfall. The flood affecte d parts that include some of the most densely populated areas of the countr y. The disaster highlighted two important failures: the absence of flood co ntrol in land-use planning; and the lack of preparedness among the local as well as regional and central authorities. In the immediate aftermath of th e flood, the Norwegian government set up a special commission to investigat e hood protection measures. The commission has since made a number of recom mendations which should help to reduce future hood damage.