This paper evaluates the loss of global welfare from exhaustion of nonrenew
able resources, such as oil. The underlying methodology represents an empir
ical application of some recent developments in the theory of green account
ing and sustainability. The paper estimates that the world loses the equiva
lent of about 1 percent of final consumption per year from finiteness of th
e earth's resources, compared with a counterfactual trajectory where global
extraction of minerals is allowed to remain forever constant at today's fl
ow rates and extraction costs.