Scanning force microscopy is extended by the pulsed force mode from simple
imaging of topography to measuring elastic, electrostatic and adhesive samp
le properties. Lateral forces are virtually eliminated so that mapping of d
elicate samples with high resolution in air and fluids is easily possible.
Scanning speed is comparable to that in contact mode, The new opportunities
for scanning force microscopy given by the pulsed force mode is demonstrat
ed in selected applications. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.