Adding zinc to prenatal iron and folate supplements improves maternal and neonatal zinc status in a Peruvian population

Background: Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy may be widespread amo ng women in developing countries, but few data are available on whether pre natal zinc supplementation improves mate:mal and neonatal zinc status. Objective: We studied whether maternal zinc supplementation improved the zi nc status of mothers and neonates participating in a supplementation trial in a shantytown in Lima, Peru. Design: Beginning at gestation week 10-24, 1295 mothers were randomly assig ned to receive prenatal supplements containing 60 mg Fe and 250 mu g folate , with or without 15 mg Zn. Venous blood and urine samples were collected a t enrollment, at gestation week 28-30, and at gestation week 37-38. At birt h, a sample of cord vein blood was collected. We measured serum zinc concen trations in 538 women, urinary zinc concentrations in 521 women, and cord z inc concentrations in 252 neonates. Results: At 28-30 and 37-38 wk, mothers receiving zinc supplements had high er serum zinc concentrations than mothers who did not receive: zinc (8.8 +/ - 1.9 compared with 8.4 +/- 1.5 mu mol/L and 8.6 +/- 1.5 compared with 8.3 +/- 1.4 mu mol/L, respectively). Urinary zinc concentrations were also high er in mothers who received supplemental zinc (P < 0.05). After adjustment f or covariates and confounding factors, neonates of mothers receiving zinc s upplements had higher cord zinc concentrations than neonates of mothers who did not receive zinc (12.7 +/- 2.3 compared with 12.1 +/- 2.1 mu mol/L). D espite supplementation, maternal and neonatal zinc concentrations remained lower than values reported for well-nourished populations. Conclusion: Adding zinc to prenatal iron and folate tablets improved matern al and neonatal zinc status, but higher doses of zinc are likely needed to further improve maternal and neonatal zinc status in this population.