G. S. Hall's (1904) view that adolescence is a period of heightened "storm
and stress" is reconsidered in light of contemporary research. The author p
rovides a brief history of the storm-and-stress view and examines 3 key asp
ects of this view: conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and risk behavi
or. In all 3 areas, evidence supports a modified storm-and-stress view that
takes into account individual differences and cultural variations. Not all
adolescents experience storm and stress, but storm and stress is more like
ly during adolescence than at other ages, Adolescent storm and stress tends
to be lower in traditional cultures than in the West but may increase as g
lobalization increases individualism. Similar issues apply to minority cult
ures in American society. Finally, although the general public is sometimes
portrayed by scholars as having a stereotypical view of adolescent storm a
nd stress, both scholars and the general public appear to support a modifie
d storm-and-stress view.