Permeabilization of elicited suspension culture of madder (Rubia akane Nakai) cells for release of anthraquinones

To enhance the productivity of anthraquinone colorants during madder (Rubia akane Nakai) cell cultures, the effects of permeabilizing agents on the pr oduction of anthraquinone colorants were investigated. Tween 80 was the bes t among the permeabilizing agents tested. Addition of 1% Tween 80 increased the total and released concentrations of anthraquinones about 1.6 times (1 59 mg l(-1)) and 14 times (71 mg l(-1)), respectively. In addition, anthraq uinone production was increased to 220 mg l(-1), 2.2 times as the level of control culture by simultaneous use of 1% Tween 80, 5 mg chitosan/l and 2% (w/v) XAD-7. Also, 47% (105 mg l(-1)) of total anthraquinones was released to medium or adsorbed on XAD-7.