TNF alpha and IL-4 regulation of hyaluronan binding to monocyte CD44 involves posttranslational modification of CD44

Our previous studies have identified TNF alpha as a positive regulator and IL-4 as a negative regulator of human monocyte CD44-HA binding. In order to determine the mechanisms of IL-4- and TNF alpha-mediated regulation of mon ocyte HA binding, we measured HA binding and CD44 expression on peripheral blood monocytes following monocyte treatment with TNF alpha or IL-4, as wel l as following monocyte treatment with inhibitors of protein synthesis, N- and O-linked glycosylation, and chondroitin sulfation. IL-4 decreased CD44- HA binding on monocytes initially treated with TNFa. Similarly, pretreatmen t of monocytes with IL-4 prevented subsequent TNF alpha-mediated HA binding . Cycloheximide (protein synthesis inhibitor), tunicamycin (N-linked glycos ylation inhibitor), and beta-D-xyloside (chondroitin sulfation inhibitor) a ll inhibited IL-4-mediated downregulation of TNF alpha-induced monocyte HA binding. Western blot analysis of CD44 from TNF alpha-treated monocytes rev ealed a 5-10 M-r decrease in the standard isoform of CD44. In contrast, IL- 4 treatment of monocytes inhibited CD44-HA binding and reversed the 5- to 1 0-kDa decrease in monocyte CD44 M-r. Finally, studies with F10.44.2, a CD44 mab that enhances CD44-HA binding, indicated that IL-4 treatment of monocy tes not only diminished constitutive HA binding, but also diminished CD44 m ab-induced HA binding. Taken together, these data suggested that IL-4-media ted inhibition of TNF alpha-induced monocyte HA binding was dependent not o nly on protein synthesis, but also on N-linked glycosylation and chondroiti n-sulfate modification of either CD44 or, alternatively, another monocyte p rotein(s) that may regulate the ability of CD44 to bind HA. (C) 1999 Academ ic Press.