Synthesis and surface-active properties of a series of new anionic gemini compounds

The synthesis of a series of new anionic dimeric amphiphiles 1-5 is describ ed. The CMC and both static and dynamic surface tensions have been measured using the Wilhelmy plate technique and the maximum bubble pressure method. Results are compared to those obtained with the corresponding monomeric su rfactants and relevant monomeric or dimeric compounds described in the lite rature. The relationship between the structural features of the different c ompounds and their properties is discussed. In particular an increase in th e length of the connecting group between the two lipophilic chains lowers t he CMC of the compounds which is different from results reported in the lit erature for other gemini compounds. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.