The reference transaction can be understood as a system and modeled as such
. By adopting a problem-solving paradigm other than the one traditionally u
sed in this area (i.e., flowcharting), a systems analysis of the question-a
nswering process can yield new insights, in particular, this article identi
fies fifteen functional requirements of the process as well as fit criteria
to measure success in question negotiation. In addition, the process is gr
aphically illustrated using four diagrams of the reference transaction and
provides a top-level perspective of the process.