Numerical investigation of penalty factor for Coulomb gauge of magnetic vector potential for 3D fields

In,this paper the penalty function method for constraining the Coulomb gaug e of magnetic vector potential in the finite element analysis of magnetic f ield problems is introduced. The Galerkin method of weighted residual equat ions for the corresponding boundary value problems is derived. The numerica l properties of the penalty factor are investigated using FEM modeling. The se include the improvement of condition number of the FEM matrix equation s ystem, satisfaction of divergence-free condition of the magnetic vector pot ential, and the effect on the solution of the magnetic problem.