Chemotaxis and activation of particle-challenged human monocytes in response to monocyte migration inhibitory factor and C-C chemokines

Cytokines that regulate monocyte migration were found in;membrane tissue su rrounding loosened prosthetic implants. Monocyte migration inhibition facto r (MIF) is able to inhibit macrophage migration. Monocyte chemoattractant p rotein (MCP) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) are potent macrophag e chemoattractants. These cytokines may be expressed as part of the foreign body response to prosthetic particulate debris. Chemotaxis analysis and ma crophage activation experiments were performed to determine the effects of MIF, MCP-1, and MIP-1 alpha on macrophage migration and activation in vitro . We demonstrated that MIF had its maximal migration inhibitory effect for unchallenged add particle challenged macrophages at 1 ng/mL. MCP-1 and MIP- 1 alpha stimulated macrophage chemotaxis maximally at 1 to 10 ng/mL, Dose-r esponse studies with MIF, MCP-1, and MIP-1 alpha demonstrated that these cy tokines did not modulate activation of unchallenged or particle challenged macrophages as evaluated by IL-6 and TNF-alpha release. However, these cyto kines do not appear to affect macrophage release of proinflammatory mediato rs in vitro. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.