PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION DURING SPACE-FLIGHT

Objective: To develop techniques for conducting a physical examination in microgravity and to describe and document the physiologic changes noted with use of a modified basic physical examination. Design: On th e basis of data gathered from physical examinations on KC-135 flights, three physical variables were assessed serially in astronauts during two shuttle missions (of 8- and 10-day duration, respectively), Prefli ght, in-flight, and postflight examinations were conducted by trained physician-astronauts or flight surgeons, who used this modified examin ation. Material and Methods: Five male and two female crew members par ticipated in the ''hands-on'' physical examination of all physiologic systems except the genitourinary system, Level of edema, intensity of bowel sounds, and peripheral reflexes were assessed and graded. Result s: This investigation identified unique elements of a physical examina tion performed during space night that will assist in the development of standard methods for conducting examinations of astronauts in weigh tlessness, In addition, demonstrable changes induced by microgravity w ere noted in most physiologic systems examined. Conclusion: The data s upport the hypothesis that the microgravity examination differs from t hat conducted on earth or in a Ig environment, In addition, alteration s in the physiologic response can be detected with use of a hands-on t echnique, These data are invaluable in the development of optimal medi cal care for humans in space.