Treatment with an anabolic agent is associated with improvement in respiratory function in persons with tetraplegia: A pilot study

Background: Pulmonary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mort ality among individuals with cervical spinal cord lesions. Strengthening of the respiratory musculature may reduce these complications. Anabolic stero ids have been used to increase muscle mass and improve muscle performance. Oxandrolone, an anabolic steroid, may have beneficial effects on breathing in persons with tetraplegia. Methods: The effect of one-month treatment with oxandrolone on weight gain and pulmonary function was studied in ten subjects with complete motor tetr aplegia. Spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and rest ing self-rating of dyspnea (Borg Scale) were measured at baseline and repea ted again at the end of one month of oxandrolone therapy (20 mg/day). Serum lipid profiles and liver function tests were performed before and after tr eatment. A paired t-test was used to determine pre- and post-treatment diff erences on the dependent variables. Percent change from baseline was calcul ated for each variable and tested using a one-sample t-test. Results: On average, the subjects gained 1.4+/-1.5 kg, a 2+/-2 increase in weight(p=0.01). A significant, 9+/-2% improvement was found in the combined measures of spirometry (p<0.005). Maximal inspiratory pressure improved an average of 10+/-7% (p<0.001). Maximal expiratory pressure improved 9+/-13% (non-significant). Subjective self-rating of dyspnea decreased an average of 37+/-28% (p<0.01). Conclusions: In healthy subjects with tetraplegia, the use of oxandrolone w as associated with significant improvements in weight and pulmonary functio n, and a subjective reduction in breathlessness. Therefore, oxandrolone may be indicated to strengthen respiratory musculature in individuals who have tetraplegia and ventilatory insufficiency aggravated by superimposition of pneumonia or other such conditions. However, long-term use of oxandrolone may not be indicated, due to the adverse complications associated with this class of agents.