Case of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced Sweet's syndrome

A 33-year-old male was referred with a two-week history of fevers to 40 deg rees C and painful, erythematous skin and oral mucosal eruptions that had f ailed to respond to multiple anti-infectious agents. He had a recent diagno sis of a "myeloproliferative disorder with myelodysplastic features" on bon e marrow biopsy, with associated pancytopenia. Two weeks before admission, he had been treated with a course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at a dose of 300 mu g/day in an attempt to improve his neutropenia, After four days of treatment, the fever and lesions developed. Infectious evaluation was negative; however, biopsies of the skin and oral mucosal les ions revealed histology consistent with Sweet's syndrome. Intravenous methy lprednisolone (30 mg/day) was started with prompt defervescence and resolut ion of the lesions within days. With the increasing use of G-CSF, Sweet's s yndrome is becoming more commonly recognized as an adverse effect. This is the first case of G-CSF-induced Sweet's syndrome to demonstrate gingival in volvement. Am. J. Hematol. 61:126-129, 1999, (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.