Radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases in renal cell carcinoma

Background: In the treatment of bl ain metastases using a stereotactically modified lineal accelerator it could be shown that a single dose between 25 and 25 Gy leads to partial ol complete remission of so-called radioresista nt metastases from melanoma and hypernephroma. Radiosurgery of brain metast ases then started in centers all over the world, however; experiences with brain metastases of renal cell carcinama are yet limited. The aim of this a nalysis is therefore to present the treatment results of radiosurgery of br ain metastases. Furthermore, in this paper prognostic Subgroups shall be de fined, in order to establish guidelines for an optimal therapy strategy. Ma terials and Methods: Radiosurgery means stereotactically guided high-precis ion irradiation methods by extremly focussing ionizing radiation within the target volume as a single dose application. The characteristic steep dose decrease allows the selective destruction of small intracranial lesions, wh ile the sur-rounding br ain tissue is optimally protected. Two methods, Gam ma Knife and stereotactic modified linear accelerator are clinically availa ble. Results: In larger studies fr om different groups all over the world, local tumor. control rates from 85% to 95%, recurrence rates fr om 6% to 15 % and side effects between 3% and 15% have been attained, independent of th e system used. Prognostic factors , like volume of metastases <10 mi, appli ed dose >18 Gy, one or. two metastases, absence of extracranial metastases, good patient performance with a Karnofsky score >70%, primary treatment an d more than one year between primary diagnosis and bl ain metastases showed a trend toward improved survival. Depending on the prognostic factors,s th e median survival after radiosurgery ranged from 6 to 12 months. Retrospect ive comparison of radiosurgely and surgical series suggest, that both modal ities attain similar results. The dose can be applied with an accuracy of 0 .3 mm. Discussion: Based on these experiences, brain metastases can be trea ted by radiosurgery, primarily in patients with one or two metastases or in combination with whole brain irradiation as a boost in patients with more than two metastases. Furthermore with radiosurgery a new treatment modality exists to re-irradiate patients who have been Sailed after surgery ol whol e brain irradiation.