Extensive system testing is mandatory nowadays to achieve high product qual
ity. Telecommunication systems are particularly sensitive to such a require
ment; to maintain market competitiveness, manufacturers need to combine red
uced costs, shorter life cycles, advanced technologies, and high quality. M
oreover, strict reliability constraints usually impose very low fault laten
cies and a high degree of fault detection for both permanent and transient
faults. This article analyzes major problems related to testing complex tel
ecommunication systems, with particular emphasis on their memory modules, o
ften so critical from the reliability point of view. In particular, advance
d BIST-based solutions are analyzed, and two significant industrial case st
udies presented.