Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Although subclinical hypothyroidism is frequently diagnosed, the decision t o institute a substitutive therapy with L-T-4 remains controversial. Becaus e the cardiovascular system is considered a main target for the action of t hyroid hormone, we investigated whether subclinical hypothyroidism induces cardiovascular abnormalities. Twenty-six patients (mean age, 36 +/- 12 yr) were evaluated by Doppler-echo cardiography, whereas a subgroup of 10 patients, randomly selected, were re evaluated after 6 months of L-T-4 substitutive therapy (mean dose, 68 mu g daily). Thirty subjects (matched for age, sex, and body surface area) serve d as controls. Mean plasma TSH was significantly higher in patients (P < 0.001), whereas m ean serum free T-4 and free T-3 concentrations, although in the normal rang e, were significantly lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively). Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ from control values. Echocardiogram examination showed no abnormalities of the left ventricular morphology and a slight, but not significant, reduction in the systolic function in the pa tient group. In contrast, Doppler-derived indices of diastolic function sho wed significant prolongation of the isovolumic relaxation time (94 +/- 13 v s. 84 +/- 8 msec; P < 0.001). increased A wave (55 +/- 13 vs. 48 +/- 9 cm/s ec; P < 0.05), and reduced early diastolic mitral flow velocity/late diasto lic mitral flow velocity ratio (1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.3; P < 0.001). In the subgroup of 10 patients, thyroid hormone profile was normalized by 6 m onths of L-T-4 substitutive therapy, whereas no changes were observed in th e left ventricular morphology. Systolic function was significantly enhanced , as compared with pretreatment values (P < 0.01) but did not differ from c ontrol values. Also, systemic vascular resistance was significantly decreas ed by L-T-4 replacement therapy. Assessment of diastolic function showed si gnificant shortening of isovolumic relaxation time (77 +/- 15 vs. 91 +/- 8; P < 0.05), reduction of A wave (51 +/- 13 vs. 60 +/- 12; P < 0.01), and in crease of early diastolic mitral flow velocity/late diastolic mitral flow v elocity ratio (1.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.3; P < 0.001). These indices, however, were comparable with those of control subjects. The se findings indicate that subclinical hypothyroidism affects diastolic func tion and that this abnormality may be reversed by L-T, substitutive therapy .