Propagation of electromagnetic waves through the Martian ionosphere

This paper is related to the study of ELF-VLF wave propagation through the Martian ionosphere using a WKB method. It is expected that waves coming fro m the atmosphere could be observed by a probe in orbit around Mars. Charact eristics of the wave propagation have been determined from Maxwell's equati ons. The ionospheric conductivities have been calculated using known parame ters of the Martian ionosphere in different cases: nightside and dayside, l ow and high solar activity, and low and high magnetic field. It is shown th at ELF-VLF waves with a maximum frequency similar to 4000 Hz can only propa gate if we consider a strong magnetic field on the nightside and a low sola r activity.