Vitamin A and zinc supplementation of preschool children

Objective: To determine whether supplementation of vitamin A and/or zinc (Z n) improved serum levels of these nutrients and/or height and weight gains in preschool children, 22 to 66 months, living in Belize, Central America. Methods: Subjects received either Zn, vitamin A, Zn and vitamin A or a plac ebo, (70 mg Zn and/or 3030 RE vitamin A, once per week) for 6 months in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Forty-three children, from a population of 104 presc reened, completed the study; they were selected, prior to treatment, for lo w/marginal serum concentrations of these micronutrients. Results: Serum Zn levels were greater (16%, p < 0.001) for those who receiv ed Zn. In contrast, after vitamin A treatment there were no differences in serum vitamin A among groups. Although increases in height (+4.4 cm, p < 0. 001) and weight (+0.79 kg, p < 0.001), compared with baseline values, were numerically greatest for children who received both supplements, only the v itamin A supplementation effect was significant, resulting in increased hei ght (+1.4 cm, p < 0.002) and greater weight gain (+0.15 kg, p < 0.03) compa red to those receiving no vitamin A. Vitamin A supplementation alone signif icantly increased (p < 0.001) hemoglobin concentration. Conclusion: The results suggest that the preschool children in this study, prescreened for low/marginal serum concentrations from a larger population prior to treatment, were enduring inadequate vitamin A and, to a lesser deg ree, Zn nutriture. Height and weight gain were significantly increased in t he subjects who received a single weekly supplement 3030 RE of vitamin A.