The promise of low-dimensional thermoelectric materials

The study of thermoelectric materials has recently been revived as an activ e research field, in part due to the recent demonstration of enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit of a two-dimensional (2D) PbTe quantum well system, relative to its three-dimensional (3D) hulk counterpart. Calcu lations suggest that the thermoelectric performance of any 3D material shou ld show an enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit, when prepared as a 2D m ulti-quantum well superlattice, utilizing the enhanced density of states at the onset of each electronic subband, and the increased scattering of vibr ational waves at the boundary between the quantum well and the adjacent bar rier of the superlattice: In principle, low dimensionality also allows cert ain materials such as bismuth, which are poor thermoelectrics in 3D, to bec ome good thermoelectrics. Thus, the successful fabrication of 1D bismuth na nowires offers new possibilities for the study of 1D systems for possible t hermoelectric applications.