Primary socialization theory: It all begins with the family

This commentary is a discussion of primary socialization theory emphasizing the centrality of family processes on adolescents' affiliation with devian t peers and subsequent deviant behaviors. The focus of the discussion is th e persistent influence of family processes well into adolescence. An empiri cal model illustrating these processes is presented. The model is based on a sample of 257 runaway adolescents and indicates that the effects of an ab usive family on adolescent behaviors are largely transmitted via affiliatio n with deviant peers. The author concludes that primary socialization theor y would be strengthened by greater emphasis on the persistent influence of family on adolescent behaviors. Implications for family-based prevention pr ograms are discussed. [Translations are provided in the International Abstr acts Section of this issue.].